Introducing the Concept of Consonance-Disconsonance of Best Practice: A Focus on the Development of 'Student Profiling'.

The present study, using a non-experimental approach, investigated a theoretical concept of best practice, which we recently introduced - namely: a 'state of consonance' and a 'state of disconsonance' of best practice. Consonance of best practice posits that different levels of best practice (e.g., low level of best practice versus optimal level of best practice), as well as other comparable psychological constructs (e.g., motivation towards learning) would cluster or 'group' together. Disconsonance of best practice, in contrast, would indicate non-overlapping of contrasting levels of best practice (i.e., low level of best practice versus optimal level of best practice). Taiwanese undergraduates (N = 831) from five private universities in Taipei City and New Taipei City, Taiwan took part in the study by responding to a suite of Likert-scale questionnaires (e.g., Best Practice Questionnaires, Motivation towards Learning Questionnaire), which took approximately 30-35 min to complete. Cluster analysis, commonly known as ClA, was used to analyze the data and seek theoretical understanding into the nature of the consonance of best practice. Results, overall, showed support for our proposition, resulting in four distinct profiles: 'a Balanced Profile,' 'an Intrinsic Motivation Profile,' 'a Current Best Practice + Interest Profile,' and 'a Current Best Practice + Motivation Profile.' This evidence, helping to advance further research development, has a number of practical implications for consideration. For example, how could we use the Balanced Profile to develop learning objectives and/or pedagogical practices that would encourage students to enjoy their learning experiences?

Adaptação ao Ensino Superior, Estratégias de Aprendizagem e Motivação de Alunos EaD / Adaptation to Higher Education, Learning Strategies and Motivation of DL Students / Adaptación a la Educación Superior, Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Motivación de Alumnos EaD

A Educação a Distância (EaD) é uma modalidade de ensino que tem crescido no Brasil, contudo pouco se sabe sobre o perfil adaptativo dos alunos EaD. Sendo assim, este estudo se propôs a avaliar alunos da modalidade a distância, considerando seu processo de adaptação ao ensino superior, o uso de estratégias de aprendizagem e de sua motivação para aprender. 324 universitários de cursos das áreas humanas, biológicas e exatas oferecidos integralmente a distância, de instituições de ensino pública e privada no interior do estado de São Paulo, responderam o questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário de Adaptação ao Ensino Superior (QAES/EaD), Escala de Estratégias de Aprendizagem para Universitários (EEA-U/EaD), Escala de Estratégias de Aprendizagem/EaD em contexto universitário híbrido (EEA-H) e Escala de Avaliação da Motivação para Aprendizagem (EMAPRE-U/EaD). Os resultados revelaram correlações positivas entre os construtos, tendo sido verificadas diferenças de gênero, idade e históricos de formação acadêmica. A partir deste estudo foi possível ampliar informações sobre o perfil do aluno de cursos EaD, possibilitando que as instituições de Ensino Superior possam oferecer-lhes ambientes virtuais mais adequados....(AU)

Distance learning is a teaching and learning modality that has grown in Brazil, but little is known about the adaptive profile of distance learning students. Thus, this study evaluated distance learning students, considering their process of adaptation to higher education, the use of learning strategies and their motivation to learn. A total of 324 university students from courses in humanities, biological and exact sciences offered in full distance learning from public and private educational institutions in the countryside of the state of São Paulo participated. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adaptation to Higher Education Questionnaire (QAES/EaD), Learning Strategies Scale for University Students (EEA-U/EaD), Learning Strategies Scale/EaD in a hybrid university context (EEA-H) and Scale of Motivation Evaluation for Learning (EMAPRE-U/EaD). The results revealed a positive correlation between the constructs, with differences observed according to gender, age of students and academic background. Based on this study, it was possible to further understand distance learning students, enabling higher education institutions to offer them more appropriate virtual environments....(AU)

La Educación a Distancia (EaD) es una modalidad de enseñanza que ha crecido en Brasil, sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre el perfil adaptativo de los alumnos EaD. Ante esto, el presente estudio se propuso evaluar a alumnos de la modalidad a distancia, considerando su proceso de adaptación a la enseñanza superior, el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje y de su motivación para aprender. Participaron 324 universitarios de cursos de las áreas de humanas, biológicas y exactas ofrecidos íntegramente a distancia, de instituciones de enseñanza pública y privada en el interior del estado de São Paulo. Los participantes respondieron a cuestionarios sociodemográficos: Cuestionario de Adaptación a la Enseñanza Superior (QAES/EaD), Escala de Estrategias de Aprendizaje para Universitarios (EEA-U/EaD), Escala de Estrategias de Aprendizaje/EaD en contexto universitario híbrido (EEA-H) y Escala de Evaluación de la Motivación para el Aprendizaje (EMAPRE-U/EaD). Los resultados revelaron correlaciones positivas entre los constructos y se verificaron diferencias de género, edad e históricos de formación académica. A partir de este estudio fue posible obtener la ampliación del conocimiento sobre el alumno de cursos EaD, lo que posibilita que las Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior puedan ofrecerles ambientes virtuales más adecuados....(AU)

O ensino das ciências sociais e humanas na graduação em saúde coletiva: entre desafios e oportunidades de transgressões / Teaching social and human sciences in the collective health undergraduate course: between challenges and opportunities for transgressions

Resumo A implantação, em 2009, do curso de graduação em saúde coletiva (GSC) no Brasil e sua progressiva disseminação trouxe à tona velhas questões de ordem epistemológica, prática ou político-institucional relacionadas ao ensino das ciências sociais e humanas (CSH) nesse contexto e fez emergir outras. Sobretudo, esse novo curso recoloca no centro do debate a questão da identidade do campo da saúde coletiva ou as especificidades de seus objetos, atores/agentes, conhecimentos e práticas. Afinal, tanto os projetos pedagógicos (perfil de egresso, estrutura curricular etc.) quanto seu modus operandi refletem uma dada concepção do campo. Propõe-se, neste artigo, discutir peculiaridades e desafios do ensino das CSH na GSC, considerando esses elementos a partir da análise da experiência de um curso em particular ou, melhor dito, do compartilhamento de vivências e impressões das autoras que integram seu corpo docente. Na primeira parte do texto, são esboçados argumentos em defesa da formação emancipatória e do conhecimento pluriuniversitário, apoiados no diálogo com Boaventura de Souza Santos. Entende-se que tais perspectivas são especialmente bem-vindas na GSC, a qual tem se revelado um espaço profícuo de experimentação de novas formas de agir na educação e na saúde.

Abstract The implementation, from 2009, of the undergraduate course on collective health (GSC) in Brazil and its progressively dissemination has brought to the surface old epistemological, practical or political-institutional issues, and led to the emergence of others. Above all, it should be noted that this new undergraduate course puts once again in the center of the debate the question of the collective health identity or, rather, the specificities of its objects, actors, knowledge and practices. After all, both the pedagogical projects (student's profile, curricular structure etc.) as its modus operandi reflect a given conception of the field. This article discusses the singularities and challenges of teaching social and human sciences in the undergraduate course in collective health, considering these elements through the analysis of a particular course or, better said, the sharing of experiences and impressions of the authors that integrate its academic staff. In the first part of the article, arguments are presented in defense of the emancipatory formation and multi-university knowledge, supported by the dialogue with Boaventura de Souza Santos. It is considered that such perspectives are especially welcome in undergraduate collective health, which has proved to be a useful space for experimenting new ways of acting in education and health.

Formación teórico-clínica de Psicología en Argentina: Universidades de Buenos Aires, de Córdoba y de Rosario / Theoretical and clinical formal psychological education in Argentina: Universities of Buenos Aires, Córdoba and Rosario

Los criterios vigentes en el estudiantado próximo a egresar y las características curriculares relejan la orientación y los supuestos reinantes tras la formación de grado. Esta investigación se propone contribuir al diseño del perfil del alumno egresado en los planes formativos así como a la orientación de las autoridades educativas sobre los efectos de su labor. La investigación consiste en un cuestionario suministrado al alumnado al inicio de su actividad en la cátedra acerca de sus conocimientos sobre el papel del estudio de la clínica y su criterio para el abordaje terapéutico, y otro al concluir la materia sobre aspectos del ejercicio profesional y de las actividades desarrolladas durante su formación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran homogeneidad de criterios en los participantes tanto sobre la clínica como acerca de los procesos asistenciales. En relación a la experiencia formativa reconocida, la referencia de autores y de contenidos conceptuales, así como la experiencia clínica de grado, revelan una orientación más especulativa que técnica.

The current clinical and technical criterions of advanced students and their curricular characteristics relect the orientation and prevalent theoretical and technical assumption after graduate training. The aim of this research is to make a contribution in order to build an advanced student proile regarding formation planning and to orientate of educational authorities about the effects of their educational work. We administrated a survey at the beginning of training activities and to the end of the academic curse. This survey asks, in a irst time; about student knowledge of the meaning of clinical study, perspectives on psychotherapeutic approaches and interventions eficacy. In a second time; we asked about professional role issues and clinical activities carried out during the formal training. The results suggested a clear homogeneity on students' criterions and assumptions about assistance and clinical processes. Regarding the recognized formation experience, the selected authors, conceptual contents and clinical experience shows a speculative orientation more than technical.